Internal-combustion engine



H. PQUIGNET.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

i APPLICATION FILED MAR. E. 1919.

'Patented Mar. 7, 1922.

. to provide an improved distributingsystem Y l UNITED STATES HENRI PQUIGNET, OF MONTREUIL, FRANCE.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification cfLetters Patent.

Patent-ea Mar. fr, 1922.

Application filed March 6, 1919. Serial No. 281,020.

T0 all w from it may concer/lt Be it known that I, HENRI PQUieNn'r, a citizen ofthe Republic of France, residing in Montreuil, Seine, France, have invented cerh tain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention has for its object for all kinds of four stroke internal combus tion engines, which permits the reduction in a great measure of the number of distributing parts, and also eliminates shocks that are common to valved arrangements.

The improved distribution is characterized chiefly by the arrangement of a cam mounted directly on the engine shaft .and formedso that its working surface is only traversed once in two revolutions, being thereby adapted to control periods that ocour in every two revolutions as is required in motors of the four stroke cycle type. The distribution is also characterized by a valve system specially designed to co-operate with the cam and assure a functioning under satisfactory conditions.

The following description with reference to the accompanying drawing, given by way of example, relates to ,a practical mode of carrying out the invention and explains the characteristics and advantages thereof.

Fig. l shows a view from one side of a motor having the invention applied, the upper part being a section through the axis of the controlling valve and the lower part a section along the axis of the cylinder.

Fig. 2 is a plan view, which is at right angles to the view of Fig. 1, showing only parts of the distributing system.

In the Figs., the engineshaft is represented by a, the distributing cam, keyed directly to the shaft is denoted by Z). The cam is adapted to act through a controlling rod c on the distributing valve (Z which is of cylindrical type and is reacted Von by a spring e.

The profile of the cam is designed especially to ensure the admission and exhaust at the proper times with the valve as shown; but it is evident that it can be employed for any other purpose. In the present case the admission inlet port is at f, whilst the exhaust port is situated in the upper part at g. Between the two ports is an opening It which affords communication between the valve box and the interior of the cylinder, and serves alternately for the admission and eX- haust. With such an arrangement, when the valve is pushed toward the top to a position as indicated-in the Figs., the cylinder becomes open to the exhaust and when the valve descends towards the bottom the cylinder becomes open to the admission. I

It is easy to understand, under these conditions, how the profile of the cam serves to .control the distribution. The cam comprises two peripheral paths b2, each of which extends through 360. These paths follow on each other and do not give rise to any break in the continuity; the path o after one turn through 3600 arrives at the upper part of path 52, which terminates after one turn at the upper part of b, taken as the starting point. Under these conditions7 the piece or shoe z mounted on the lower end of the valve rod c will produce the following movements when the cam turns in the direction of the arrow F.

Thile the cam turns through 180O the valve will remainv in the upper position, ly-

. ing within the lines X X and corresponding largely to the exhaust period; then as the 'piece or shoe i descends along the inclined part 7c, 72 it will. cause the valve to pass to its lower position between the lines Y Y,

when the admission period commences. After turning through a second 180o about, the piece i arrives on the ramp 792, k3 causing the valve to move to its mid-position where the admission and exhaust ports are closed. This mid position is retained during about the subsequent 360, of the path, that is, from k3 to 7a4, during which compression and eX- pansion takes place. In this way after two complete revolutions one entire cycle L of operations of the motor will haveoccurred and the valve will recommence to rise for fthe exhaust, starting at 7a4.

fn, whose axis is parallel to the direction of y `the contacting piece or shoe e.

The shoe is itself directed by the path b', b2 of the cam in which it is seated with" the requisite smallV play, it is moreover rounded at its ends to facilitate its sliding. @wing to this mode of mounting, it will be seen that 'when the shoe 'i arrives at the deviating parte p and p of the peripheral l0 path, rotation of the lower portion of rod Vc is produced, but without aii'ecting the valveY by reason of the swivel fm.; on the other hand, the inclinations of rod Y c which result Vfrom the lateral d isplacement of the shoe 'l do not tend to jam the latter by reason of the action of joint n.

Means are also provided to facilitate the passage or movement of shoe t' at thel crossing point of the two paths of the cam. This crossing, which occurs at the p arts p and p is effected by an opening Q, provided in the wallofthe path in the upper part p, which allows the passage of the rod when the shoe t comes to the part p; moreover, for the purpose of reducing to a minimum the interruption of the cam at the part p, the foot of the valve rod is flattened at r in the direction ofl its widthso that the opening g has only a restricted width with respect to the dimensions V of the shoe z'.

valve, which is effected in the following manner. The oil circulates under pressure in the tube t and traverses the hollow pipe of the piston, thus cooling this pipe. The oil also lubricates the lower part of the cylinder, in

which the piston is displaced, and by splashing, it equally lubricates the roller or slide z'. The lubrication of the upper part of the valve is made by several pipes fu, one of which is shown in section at the upper part of Fig. 1. A drop of oil is aspirated by each of these channels o at each descending stroke o f the piston valve, on account of the depression which occurs in theupper part of the cylinder in which the valve is displaced by the lowering of the said piston, f This depression can be regulated by modifying the play which exists between the tube a and the tube Vw 'in ijvliich the Vtube a slides, AThe less play that exists between these tubes, the stronger will beV the aspiration at the upper part of the cylinder of distribution, and the greater willV be the quantity of oil aspirated by the tubes o.

In this way a proper lubrication of all 670 parts 'of the mechanism is attained.

It is to be understood that the Vabove arrangements are in no way limited, for while `keeping within the scope of the invention, to the distributing system may be applied G5 anyfmodications in respect to details, and

provided for lubricating the incerte dimensions to suit different cases.` Cams such as above described may be employed in any othermechanical system for which they maybe appropriate.

llavingthus described the nature of the said invention and the best means lr know of carrying the same into practicale'lfect, l

1. In a four cycle internal combustion engine the combination with a valve, a cam and an intervening connection for communicating'inotion fromr the cam to the valve, said cam having a continuous working face lying mainly in two planes with portions crossing between and comprising'two complete-'circuits each extending through 360 and its working face partly concentric in arcs corresponding to the periods of rest of the valve, and partly varying in radial dimensions to impart movement to the valve, and said valve of the balanced type, to relieve the cam and connection of stresses due to pressure.

2. ln a four cycle internal combustion enginethe combination` with a valve, a cam and an intervening connection for communieating motion from the cam to the valve, said cam having a continuous working face lying `mainly in two planes with portions crossing between and comprising two complete cirlcuits each extending through 360V and its working face varying in radial dimensions to impart movement to said connection, and comprising concentric portions of different radii corresponding respectively to theadmission, compression and power, and exhaust strokes, and finclined portions :connecting such concentric portions.

3. ln a four cycle internal combustion engine the combination with a valve, a cam and an intervening connection rod for communicating motion from the cam to the valve, said cain` having a continuous working face Vlying mainly in two planes with portions crossing between, the one over the other, the upper portion of the cam at the point of crossing having a gap for the passage of such rod.` and comprising two complete circuits each extending through 360 and itsV working face comprising alternated concentric and inclined portions, theV concentric portions of different radii corresponding to v the positions of rest of the valve;

@In 'a four cycleinternal combustion kenginethe combination with a valve, a cam and an intervening connection for communieating motion from the cam to thel valve, said cam having a lcontinuousworking face lying mainly in two planes with portions crossing between, and comprising two complete circuits each extending through 360, and its working face varying in radial di- `inensions to impart movement to saidconnec-tion, and having concentric portions of three different radial dimensions to cause the V'valve to vdwell in positionl for the" admisu iio sion, the compression and power strokes, and the exhaust and said intervening connection comprising a shoe bearing on the Working surface Oi said cam to receive the movement imparted by said cam.

5. An engine according to claim 8, the con nection rod formed in' two parts rotatablyT connected, one end of the first part pivotally connected to the Valve and a shoe connected to the opposite end of the Second part, and l0 the latter flattened Where it passes through the gap of the cam.

n Witness Whereof,1 have hereunto signed my name.

HENRI PEQUIGNET. 

